Bronchitis in Seniors- Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

“Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tube (that carries air to your lungs) that causes coughing. Bronchitis usually begins as an infection in the nose, ears, throat, or sinuses and gradually makes its way down to the bronchial tubes. “- Wikipedia. Though Bronchitis can happen at any age our senior loved ones are more susceptible to Bronchitis than adults or children.

 Causes of  Bronchitis

Viral Infections

 Viral infections, such as the common cold or the flu, are the most common causes of acute bronchitis in seniors. Seniors may be more vulnerable to these infections due to a weakened immune system.

Bacterial Infections

 Although less common than viral infections, bacteria like Streptococcus pneumonia or Haemophilus influenza can lead to bronchitis, especially in seniors with compromised immune systems.

Environmental Irritants: Long-term exposure to environmental irritants like tobacco smoke, air pollution, dust, or chemical fumes can lead to chronic bronchitis, particularly in seniors who may have a history of smoking.

Allergies: Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander can trigger allergic bronchitis, especially in seniors with pre-existing allergies.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux can irritate the bronchial tubes and lead to bronchitis, which is more common in seniors.

Respiratory Conditions: Seniors with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or bronchiectasis are at a higher risk of developing bronchitis.

Immunodeficiency Disorders: Seniors with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or certain medications are more susceptible to bronchitis.

Aspiration: In seniors with swallowing difficulties, inhaling food, drink, or saliva into the lungs (aspiration) can lead to bronchitis, particularly in cases of recurrent aspiration pneumonia.

Weakened Cilia: Cilia are tiny hair-like structures in the airways that help clear mucus and debris. With age, cilia function may decline, making seniors more susceptible to respiratory infections.

Environmental Factors: Living in environments with poor ventilation, high humidity, or cold temperatures can increase the risk of bronchitis.

Symptoms of Bronchitis:-

The most common symptoms of Bronchitis are:

Coughing with mucus

Wheezing 

Chest pain or discomfort

Shortness of breath

Low fever  

Bronchitis can either be Acute or Chronic. Both cause constricted airways and coughing resulting in shortness of breath due to inadequate oxygen supply. 

Today, let us focus on the important things that you need to know about bronchitis

Chronic Bronchitis:-

Chronic Bronchitis is a serious long-term medical condition that occurs when the lining of the bronchial tubes is inflamed and constantly irritated. It is considered Chronic Bronchitis if you have a cough with mucus that lasts for at least three months a year and for consecutive two years. Bacteria and viruses can easily infect the bronchial tubes worsening the condition further. 

The main causes of chronic Bronchitis are smoking and getting exposed to secondhand smoke. 

Age also contributes to the cause of Chronic Bronchitis. Various research shows that most people who have chronic Bronchitis are more than 40 years of age.

Early Diagnosis and treatment quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke can help your senior loved one with this condition lead a quality life. If left untreated for a long period of time Chronic Bronchitis can develop into COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). The chance of complete recovery is low for people suffering from Chronic Bronchitis but adhering to the doctor’s advice and making some lifestyle changes can help your beloved senior minimize the discomforts caused due to this and lead a better life. Elder Care Service providers in Kolkata provide Doctors' assistance at home and also Pathology Assistance for senior loved ones that can be availed to make them feel better.

Acute Bronchitis:-

Acute Bronchitis also known as a chest cold, occurs when the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) get inflamed. 

The most common symptom of acute bronchitis is cough.

Other symptoms include

Coughing up mucus

Chest discomfort, shortness of breath

Fever etc

Acute Bronchitis may last for three to 10 days but the cough may persist for several weeks afterward.

Tobacco, dust, and fumes can add to the woes of your senior loved ones suffering from Acute Bronchitis. Consult a doctor if you feel your senior loved one is suffering from Acute bronchitis.  A doctor may prescribe antibiotic medications; cough suppressants, etc to make help your senior loved ones gradually recover from this condition.

By understanding Bronchitis and its implications for seniors, you can take the necessary steps to help them lead a healthy life. Making some necessary lifestyle changes, adhering to doctor’s advice and assistance from elder care services can help seniors put up a tough fight against bronchitis.